ABSTRACT:
Solutions, which cause fouling problems, consist mostly of more than one single component. Up to now only few studies concerning the fouling phenomena in such multicomponent systems exist. Therefore batch and continuous experiments with the aqueous two-component system CaSO4/CaCO3 were carried out, investigating especially the influence of pH-value on the fouling behaviour. As measure for the crystalline deposit the fouling resistance Rf was used.
The composition of the obtained fouling layers were analysed by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further the strength of the crystalline deposits were determined in abrasion experiments. The measured abrasion was correlated with crushing strength values.
In the fouling experiments a strong effect of the pH-value on crystallization fouling was observed. Lowest fouling tendency was seen for experiments at pH 7.0. At different pH-values the crystalline layers showed big differences in their macroscopic as well as in their microscopic structure. As it could be seen with the SEM the crystals differed in their size but also in their shape. Below pH 6.0 only calcium sulphate was detected by x-ray diffraction, which agrees with the saturation theory. At higher pH values besides calcium sulphate also calcium carbonate was found in different modifications. The different layer composition leads to different strength of the layers. Highest strength values in the crystalline upper and middle layer were measured for crystalline scales grown at pH 7.0, followed by layers at pH 6.5.
At the moment it is difficult to correlate the fouling behaviour clearly to the different experimental conditions.
Volker Höfling, Wolfgang Augustin , and Matthias Bohnet, "Crystallization Fouling Of The Aqueous Two-Component System CaSO4/CaCO3" in "Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications", Paul Watkinson, Hans Müller-Steinhagen, and M. Reza Malayeri Eds, ECI
Symposium Series, Volume RP1 (2003). http://services.bepress.com/eci/heatexchanger/7
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