|
 |
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
July 1-6, 2007 - Tomar, Portugal
| Editors: |
Hans Müller-Steinhagen, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
and Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Germany
M. Reza Malayeri, University of Stuttgart, Germany
A. Paul Watkinson, The University of British Columbia, Canada |
The articles for these proceedings are peer-reviewed.
|
<Previous article
|
Next article>
|
OBSERVATION OF AN ISOKINETIC TEMPERATURE AND COMPENSATION EFFECT FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CRUDE OIL FOULING
C. A. Bennett, Heat Transfer Research, Inc., College Station, Texas, USA
R. S. Kistler, Heat Transfer Research, Inc., College Station, Texas, USA
K. Nangia, Fluor Corporation, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
W. Al-Ghawas, KNPC, Kuwait
N. Al-Hajji, KNPC, Kuwait
A. Al-Jemaz, KNPC, Kuwait
ABSTRACT:
The initial fouling rates of four crude oils were
determined at a nominal bulk temperature of 315 °C, an
initial heated wall shear stress of 13 Pa, and initial surface
temperatures between 375 and 445 °C. These initial fouling
rates ranged from 1.3(10-6) to 7.8(10-5) m2 K/kJ.
Corresponding Arrhenius plots were linear with the initial
fouling rates passing through an isokinetic temperature of
407.5 °C. A plot of the natural logarithm of the preexponential
factors (7.6(104) – 5.2(1015) m2 K/kJ) versus the
apparent activation energies (128 – 269 kJ/mol) was also
linear, confirming the validity of the isokinetic temperature
and the presence of the compensation effect. Below the
isokinetic temperature, the relative fouling rates were Crude
Oil C > Crude Oil A > Crude Oil D > Crude Oil B; above
the isokinetic temperature, the relative fouling rates were
reversed (Crude Oil B > Crude Oil D > Crude Oil A >
Crude Oil C). Chemical characterization of a fouling
deposit suggested that the dominant fouling mechanism at
these conditions was coking with significant contributions
from sedimentation (iron sulfide) and corrosion (~340
μm/yr) of the 304 stainless steel test material.
C. A. Bennett, R. S. Kistler, K. Nangia, W. Al-Ghawas, N. Al-Hajji, and A. Al-Jemaz, "OBSERVATION OF AN ISOKINETIC TEMPERATURE AND COMPENSATION EFFECT FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CRUDE OIL FOULING" in "Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII", Hans Müller-Steinhagen, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
and Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Germany
M. Reza Malayeri, University of Stuttgart, Germany
A. Paul Watkinson, The University of British Columbia, Canada
Eds, ECI
Symposium Series, Volume RP5 (2007). http://services.bepress.com/eci/heatexchanger2007/7
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
